Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyogenesis and the prospects for cardiomyocyte regeneration in cardiac failure

The review briefs the current state of research in molecular biological and cell aspects of cardiac development and the prospects of applying the corresponding results to treating heart failure by cardiomyocyte regeneration in damaged myocardium.     

Changes in enzymes during aging of human diploid cells. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase]

The thermal inactivation kinetics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during ageing of human diploid cells were studied. It was shown that semi-logarithmic anamorphisms of the thermal inactivation kinetic curves may be presented as a total of two rectilinear sites corresponding to the thermolabile and thermostable fractions of the enzyme. In ageing cells the enzyme stability is decreased as compared to the young ones due to the increase in the amount of the thermolabile fraction. It was also found that despite a certain variability in the process of the cell growth at the 22nd passage the thermal stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is decreased, while the enzyme thermal stability in the cells at the 52nd passage is monotonously increased. Purification of the enzyme from ageing and young human diploid cells results in an increase of the enzyme stability. However, when the enzyme was isolated from young cells, it possessed a higher thermal stability.     

Effect of the diuretic diacarb on the antitumor activity of the antibiotics rubomycin and olivomycin]

Combined use of rubomycin and olivomycin with diacarb in treatment of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma increased the antiblastomic activity of the antibiotics. The antitumor effect of rubomycin and olivomycin was increased by diacarb in the same degree as that of dipin, a synthetic cytostatic.     

Dependence of alkaline phosphatase activity in human cultured fibroblasts on the proliferative status of the culture

The alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in embryonic lung human fibroblasts grown in vitro. The total enzyme activity per flask was constant during the log-phase of culture growth to increase significantly after confluence. The increase in the activity did not depend on the rate of culture growth, and was seen to start after the mean density equal to (37.5 +/- 5.9) X 10(3) cells/cm2 flask surface. The stimulation of cell growth may presumably slow down the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, which resumes after the contact inhibition of DNA replication.     

An evaluation in the Ames test of the mutagenicity of the sewage and industrial effluents from the Baikal Paper and Pulp Combine

The use of the Ames test for the analysis of industrial effluents from cellulose production and sewage waters varying in the degree of purification with the aid of a metabolic activation system from rat and fish liver with Salmonella strains TA 98 and TA 100 revealed a strong direct mutagenic effect of strain TA 100 in samples after cellulose chlorination. The multistage procedure of sewage water purification allows to remove practically completely the mutagenic substances. A simultaneous study of cytotoxic effects of industrial effluents on mammalian cells shows that the mutagenic activity is exhibited in not toxic concentrations. The urgency of a regular biological control over the genotoxicity of industrial effluents from the sulfate production of cellulose is under discussion.